(transform less power supply 2 )
Hello friend,
Today I’m talking about transform less power supply if you run a sensor or microcontroller, you will need a cheap power supply to supply you 3.3 to 12v with a Maximum current of 10ma, you can use a battery or SMPS that will be more stable.
First of all caution work with grid electricity 220v can be fatal
You should have the experience to work with hazard voltage or make your experiment with the limited current.
A conventional solid-state diode allows significant current if it is reverse-biased above its reverse breakdown voltage. When the reverse bias breakdown voltage is exceeded, a conventional diode is subject to the high current due to avalanche breakdown. Unless this current is limited by circuitry, the diode may be permanently damaged due to overheating. A Zener diode exhibits almost the same properties, except the device is specially designed to have a reduced breakdown voltage, the so-called Zener voltage. By contrast with the conventional device, a reverse-biased Zener diode exhibits a controlled breakdown and allows the current to keep the voltage across the Zener diode close to the Zener breakdown voltage. For example, a diode with a Zener breakdown voltage of 3.2 V exhibits a voltage drop of very nearly 3.2 V across a wide range of reverse currents. The Zener diode is therefore ideal for applications such as the generation of a reference voltage (e.g. for an amplifier stage), or as a voltage stabilizer for low-current applications
Another mechanism that produces a similar effect is the avalanche effect as in the avalanche diode.[2] The two types of the diode are constructed the same way and both effects are present in diodes of this type. In silicon diodes up to about 5.6 volts, the Zener effect is the predominant effect and shows a marked negative temperature coefficient. Above 5.6 volts, the avalanche effect becomes predominant and exhibits a positive temperature coefficient
In a 5.6 V diode, the two effects occur together, and their temperature coefficients nearly cancel each other out, thus the 5.6 V diode is useful in temperature-critical applications. An alternative, which is used for voltage references that need to be highly stable over long periods, is to use a Zener diode with a temperature coefficient (TC) of +2 mV/°C (breakdown voltage 6.2–6.3 V) connected in series with a forward-biased silicon diode (or a transistor B-E junction) manufactured on the same chip.[4] The forward-biased diode has a temperature coefficient of −2 mV/°C, causing the TCs to cancel out.
Modern manufacturing techniques have produced devices with voltages lower than 5.6 V with negligible temperature coefficients,[citation needed] but as higher-voltage devices are encountered, the temperature coefficient rises dramatically. A 75 V diode has 10 times the coefficient of a 12 V diode
Zener and avalanche diodes, regardless of breakdown voltage, are usually marketed under the umbrella term of “Zener diode”.
Under 5.6 V, where the Zener effect dominates, the IV curve near breakdown is much more rounded, which calls for more care in targeting its biasing conditions. The IV curve for Zeners above 5.6 V (being dominated by an avalanche), is much sharper at the breakdown.
Circuit:
link of the circuit :
https://drive.google.com/file/d/17GoyHVjhQha3v1zvsNgVvq21iXkUxbKB/view?usp=sharing
feel free to ask me any question:
Gmail: eng.darwishelectronics@gmail.com